Characteristics of matter particles

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Q10. Which of the following are matters?

Matter: chair, air, almonds, cold-drink, smell, smell of perfume
Non-Matter: love, hate, thought, cold

Q11. Give reasons for the observation - The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several metres away but to get the smell of cold food you have to go close.

The particles of hot food have large kinetic energy. They easily leave food and diffuse rapidly in air. Thus, the smell of hot food reaches several metres away. However, the particles of cold food have less kinetic energy. Thus, they do not easily diffuse in air and hence smell does not reach several metres away.

Q12. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool which property of matter does this observation show?

This observation shows two properties of matter. They are as follows
• The particles of matter have spaces between them.
• The particles of matter attract each other.

Q13. Define the following.

  • Rigid: Rigid means tendency to maintain shape when some outside force is applied solid passes high rigidity.
  • Fluid: Fluid means a material which can flow easily and requires a container to keep it.
  • Solid: Solid is a rigid form of matter having definite shape and volume.
  • Liquid: Liquid is a fluid form of matter which occupies the lower part of the container in which it is kept. It has indefinite shape but a definite volume.
  • Gas: Gas is a fluid form of matter which fills the whole container in which it is kept. It has indefinite shape and volume.

Q14. Give the characteristics of solid state of matter.

The characteristics of solid state of matter are as follows.
  • Solid have a definite shape and definite volume.
  • Solids cannot be compressed much
  • Solids have high density.
  • Solids do not fill the container completely.
  • Solids do not flow
  • It has negligible intermolecular space.
  • It has very large intermolecular force of attraction.
  • Solids normally do not diffuse in one another.

Q15. Give the characteristics of liquid state of matter.

The characteristics of liquid state of matter are as follows
  • Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape.
  • Liquids cannot be compressed much
  • Liquids have moderate to high densities. (*) They are usually less dense than solids.
  • Liquids do not fill the container completely but it occupies the lower part of the container.
  • Liquids have intermolecular force of attraction lesser than solids but greater than gases.
  • Liquids generally flow easily.
  • Liquids have intermolecular space greater than solids.
  • Liquids can easily diffuse in another liquids, solids or gases.

Q16. Give the characteristics of gaseous state of matter.

The characteristics of gaseous state of matter are as follows
  • Gases neither have definite shape nor volume.
  • Gases can be compressed easily.
  • Gases have very low density.
  • Gases fill the container completely.
  • Gases flow easily.
  • Gases have very large intermolecular space.
  • Gases have negligible intermolecular force of attraction.
  • Gases can easily diffuse in another solids, liquids or gases.

Q17. Why solids, liquids and gases different properties?

The following properties of particles of matter decide whether a given substance will exist as a solid, liquid or gas.
  • The spaces between the particles: The spaces between the particles are the minimum in solids, little more in liquids and the maximum in gases.
  • The force of attraction between the particles: The forces of attraction between the particles are the strongest in solids, less strong in liquids and negligible in gases.
  • The amount of movement of particles: The movement of particles is the minimum in solids, more in liquids and maximum in gases.

Q18. Define density.

The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density.
Density = Mass / Volume

Q19. Why do solids not diffuse into one another?

The particles of solid are held firmly at one place because of very strong intermolecular force of attraction. Moreover, the particles of solid have very small kinetic energy. Hence, solids cannot diffuse with one another.

Q20. What is the common unit for measuring temperature?

The common unit for measuring temperature is ‘degrees Celsius’

Q21. What is the S.I. unit of measuring temperature?

The S.I unit of measuring temperature is ‘Kelvin’.

Q22. Give the relationship between Celsius scale and Kelvin scale.

K = 273 + C (K is Kelvin ; C is °Celcius)

Physical nature of matter | Characteristics of matter particles | States of matter | Change of matter state | Evaporation

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